B >> x = np.array([1, 2, 4, 7, 0]) >>> np.ediff1d(x) array([ 1, 2, 3, -7]) >>> np.ediff1d(x, to_begin=-99, to_end=np.array([88, 99])) array([-99, 1, 2, 3, -7, 88, 99]) The returned array is always 1D. >>> y = [[1, 2, 4], [1, 6, 24]] >>> np.ediff1d(y) array([ 1, 2, -3, 5, 18]) Nr)dtype) np asanyarrayravellenmaxemptyrZ__array_wrap__subtract)ZaryZto_endZto_beginZl_beginZl_endZl_diffresultrH/opt/alt/python37/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraysetops.pyr's(,  *Fc sltdkr t|||Sj kr:jksDntdtdjjddt jj tj dtj ddkrttj jj jdf}nfd d tjdD}y|}Wn,tk rd }t|jjd YnXfd d}t||||} |sJ|sJ|sJ|| S|| d} | f| ddSdS)a Find the unique elements of an array. Returns the sorted unique elements of an array. There are three optional outputs in addition to the unique elements: the indices of the input array that give the unique values, the indices of the unique array that reconstruct the input array, and the number of times each unique value comes up in the input array. Parameters ---------- ar : array_like Input array. Unless `axis` is specified, this will be flattened if it is not already 1-D. return_index : bool, optional If True, also return the indices of `ar` (along the specified axis, if provided, or in the flattened array) that result in the unique array. return_inverse : bool, optional If True, also return the indices of the unique array (for the specified axis, if provided) that can be used to reconstruct `ar`. return_counts : bool, optional If True, also return the number of times each unique item appears in `ar`. .. versionadded:: 1.9.0 axis : int or None, optional The axis to operate on. If None, `ar` will be flattened beforehand. Otherwise, duplicate items will be removed along the provided axis, with all the other axes belonging to the each of the unique elements. Object arrays or structured arrays that contain objects are not supported if the `axis` kwarg is used. .. versionadded:: 1.13.0 Returns ------- unique : ndarray The sorted unique values. unique_indices : ndarray, optional The indices of the first occurrences of the unique values in the original array. Only provided if `return_index` is True. unique_inverse : ndarray, optional The indices to reconstruct the original array from the unique array. Only provided if `return_inverse` is True. unique_counts : ndarray, optional The number of times each of the unique values comes up in the original array. Only provided if `return_counts` is True. .. versionadded:: 1.9.0 See Also -------- numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for performing set operations on arrays. Examples -------- >>> np.unique([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3]) array([1, 2, 3]) >>> a = np.array([[1, 1], [2, 3]]) >>> np.unique(a) array([1, 2, 3]) Return the unique rows of a 2D array >>> a = np.array([[1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [2, 3, 4]]) >>> np.unique(a, axis=0) array([[1, 0, 0], [2, 3, 4]]) Return the indices of the original array that give the unique values: >>> a = np.array(['a', 'b', 'b', 'c', 'a']) >>> u, indices = np.unique(a, return_index=True) >>> u array(['a', 'b', 'c'], dtype='|S1') >>> indices array([0, 1, 3]) >>> a[indices] array(['a', 'b', 'c'], dtype='|S1') Reconstruct the input array from the unique values: >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 6, 4, 2, 3, 2]) >>> u, indices = np.unique(a, return_inverse=True) >>> u array([1, 2, 3, 4, 6]) >>> indices array([0, 1, 4, 3, 1, 2, 1]) >>> u[indices] array([1, 2, 6, 4, 2, 3, 2]) Nz'Invalid axis kwarg specified for uniquerrZ AllIntegerZDatetimeSr csg|]}dj|djfqS)zf{i})i)formatr).0r)arrr szunique..z;The axis argument to unique is not supported for dtype {dt})Zdtcs2|}|jddd}t|d}|S)Nrr r)r)viewreshaperswapaxes)uniq)axis orig_dtype orig_shaperr reshape_uniqs zunique..reshape_uniq)rr _unique1dndim ValueErrorr"shaperr!ZascontiguousarraycharZ typecodesZvoiditemsizeranger TypeErrorr) r return_indexreturn_inverse return_countsr$rZ consolidatedmsgr'outputr#r)rr$r%r&rr qs2_    c Csnt|}|p|}|p|}|jdkr|s2|}nN|f}|rP|tdtjf7}|rh|tdtjf7}|r|tdtjf7}|S|r|j|rdndd}||}n ||}t dg|dd|ddkf} |s|| }n|| f}|r||| f7}|r:t | d} tj|j tjd } | | |<|| f7}|rjt t | |jgf} |t | f7}|S) z? Find the unique elements of an array, ignoring shape. r mergesortZ quicksort)kindTr Nr)r)rrZflattensizerboolZintpargsortsort concatenateZcumsumr+ZnonzeroZdiff) rr0r1r2Zoptional_indicesZoptional_returnsretZpermauxflagZiflagZinv_idxidxrrrr(sD  $   r(cCsN|st|}t|}t||f}||dd|dd|ddkS)a Find the intersection of two arrays. Return the sorted, unique values that are in both of the input arrays. Parameters ---------- ar1, ar2 : array_like Input arrays. assume_unique : bool If True, the input arrays are both assumed to be unique, which can speed up the calculation. Default is False. Returns ------- intersect1d : ndarray Sorted 1D array of common and unique elements. See Also -------- numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for performing set operations on arrays. Examples -------- >>> np.intersect1d([1, 3, 4, 3], [3, 1, 2, 1]) array([1, 3]) To intersect more than two arrays, use functools.reduce: >>> from functools import reduce >>> reduce(np.intersect1d, ([1, 3, 4, 3], [3, 1, 2, 1], [6, 3, 4, 2])) array([3]) Nrr )r rr;r:)ar1ar2 assume_uniquer=rrrr)s #cCs|st|}t|}t||f}|jdkr0|S|tdg|dd|ddkdgf}|dd|ddk}||S)a Find the set exclusive-or of two arrays. Return the sorted, unique values that are in only one (not both) of the input arrays. Parameters ---------- ar1, ar2 : array_like Input arrays. assume_unique : bool If True, the input arrays are both assumed to be unique, which can speed up the calculation. Default is False. Returns ------- setxor1d : ndarray Sorted 1D array of unique values that are in only one of the input arrays. Examples -------- >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 2, 4]) >>> b = np.array([2, 3, 5, 7, 5]) >>> np.setxor1d(a,b) array([1, 4, 5, 7]) rTr Nr)r rr;r7r:)r@rArBr=r>Zflag2rrrrTs (c Cs\t|}t|}t|dt|dkr|rhtjt|tjd}xH|D]}|||kM}qRWn.tjt|tjd}x|D]}|||kO}qW|S|stj|dd\}}t|}t||f}|j dd}||} |r| dd | d d k} n| dd | d d k} t| |gf} tj |j td} | | |<|rP| d t|S| |Sd S) a Test whether each element of a 1-D array is also present in a second array. Returns a boolean array the same length as `ar1` that is True where an element of `ar1` is in `ar2` and False otherwise. We recommend using :func:`isin` instead of `in1d` for new code. Parameters ---------- ar1 : (M,) array_like Input array. ar2 : array_like The values against which to test each value of `ar1`. assume_unique : bool, optional If True, the input arrays are both assumed to be unique, which can speed up the calculation. Default is False. invert : bool, optional If True, the values in the returned array are inverted (that is, False where an element of `ar1` is in `ar2` and True otherwise). Default is False. ``np.in1d(a, b, invert=True)`` is equivalent to (but is faster than) ``np.invert(in1d(a, b))``. .. versionadded:: 1.8.0 Returns ------- in1d : (M,) ndarray, bool The values `ar1[in1d]` are in `ar2`. See Also -------- isin : Version of this function that preserves the shape of ar1. numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for performing set operations on arrays. Notes ----- `in1d` can be considered as an element-wise function version of the python keyword `in`, for 1-D sequences. ``in1d(a, b)`` is roughly equivalent to ``np.array([item in b for item in a])``. However, this idea fails if `ar2` is a set, or similar (non-sequence) container: As ``ar2`` is converted to an array, in those cases ``asarray(ar2)`` is an object array rather than the expected array of contained values. .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 Examples -------- >>> test = np.array([0, 1, 2, 5, 0]) >>> states = [0, 2] >>> mask = np.in1d(test, states) >>> mask array([ True, False, True, False, True], dtype=bool) >>> test[mask] array([0, 2, 0]) >>> mask = np.in1d(test, states, invert=True) >>> mask array([False, True, False, True, False], dtype=bool) >>> test[mask] array([1, 5]) g(\?)rT)r1r5)r6r Nr) rasarrayrrZonesr8Zzerosr r;r9rr+) r@rArBinvertmaskaZrev_idxrorderZsarZbool_arr>r<rrrr s4B    cCs"t|}t||||d|jS)a Calculates `element in test_elements`, broadcasting over `element` only. Returns a boolean array of the same shape as `element` that is True where an element of `element` is in `test_elements` and False otherwise. Parameters ---------- element : array_like Input array. test_elements : array_like The values against which to test each value of `element`. This argument is flattened if it is an array or array_like. See notes for behavior with non-array-like parameters. assume_unique : bool, optional If True, the input arrays are both assumed to be unique, which can speed up the calculation. Default is False. invert : bool, optional If True, the values in the returned array are inverted, as if calculating `element not in test_elements`. Default is False. ``np.isin(a, b, invert=True)`` is equivalent to (but faster than) ``np.invert(np.isin(a, b))``. Returns ------- isin : ndarray, bool Has the same shape as `element`. The values `element[isin]` are in `test_elements`. See Also -------- in1d : Flattened version of this function. numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for performing set operations on arrays. Notes ----- `isin` is an element-wise function version of the python keyword `in`. ``isin(a, b)`` is roughly equivalent to ``np.array([item in b for item in a])`` if `a` and `b` are 1-D sequences. `element` and `test_elements` are converted to arrays if they are not already. If `test_elements` is a set (or other non-sequence collection) it will be converted to an object array with one element, rather than an array of the values contained in `test_elements`. This is a consequence of the `array` constructor's way of handling non-sequence collections. Converting the set to a list usually gives the desired behavior. .. versionadded:: 1.13.0 Examples -------- >>> element = 2*np.arange(4).reshape((2, 2)) >>> element array([[0, 2], [4, 6]]) >>> test_elements = [1, 2, 4, 8] >>> mask = np.isin(element, test_elements) >>> mask array([[ False, True], [ True, False]], dtype=bool) >>> element[mask] array([2, 4]) >>> mask = np.isin(element, test_elements, invert=True) >>> mask array([[ True, False], [ False, True]], dtype=bool) >>> element[mask] array([0, 6]) Because of how `array` handles sets, the following does not work as expected: >>> test_set = {1, 2, 4, 8} >>> np.isin(element, test_set) array([[ False, False], [ False, False]], dtype=bool) Casting the set to a list gives the expected result: >>> np.isin(element, list(test_set)) array([[ False, True], [ True, False]], dtype=bool) )rBrE)rrDr r!r+)ZelementZ test_elementsrBrErrrr sU cCstt||fS)a= Find the union of two arrays. Return the unique, sorted array of values that are in either of the two input arrays. Parameters ---------- ar1, ar2 : array_like Input arrays. They are flattened if they are not already 1D. Returns ------- union1d : ndarray Unique, sorted union of the input arrays. See Also -------- numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for performing set operations on arrays. Examples -------- >>> np.union1d([-1, 0, 1], [-2, 0, 2]) array([-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]) To find the union of more than two arrays, use functools.reduce: >>> from functools import reduce >>> reduce(np.union1d, ([1, 3, 4, 3], [3, 1, 2, 1], [6, 3, 4, 2])) array([1, 2, 3, 4, 6]) )r rr;)r@rArrrrEs!cCs8|rt|}nt|}t|}|t||dddS)a9 Find the set difference of two arrays. Return the sorted, unique values in `ar1` that are not in `ar2`. Parameters ---------- ar1 : array_like Input array. ar2 : array_like Input comparison array. assume_unique : bool If True, the input arrays are both assumed to be unique, which can speed up the calculation. Default is False. Returns ------- setdiff1d : ndarray Sorted 1D array of values in `ar1` that are not in `ar2`. See Also -------- numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for performing set operations on arrays. Examples -------- >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 1]) >>> b = np.array([3, 4, 5, 6]) >>> np.setdiff1d(a, b) array([1, 2]) T)rBrE)rrDrr r )r@rArBrrrr hs ")NN)FFFN)FFF)F)F)FF)FF)F)__doc__Z __future__rrrZnumpyr__all__rr r(rrr r rr rrrrs   J   . + - j Z#